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July 2017: Do you know that there are four triad chords? These are major, minor, augment, and diminish all built with three notes. The notes are: Major Triad - 1st, 3rd, 5th; Minor Triad - 1st, b3rd, 5th; Augment Triad - 1st, 3rd, #5th, and Diminish Triad - 1st, b3rd, b5th. Often the sixth, seventh, major seventh, ninth, eleventh, or thirteenth can be added to produce a chord having 4 or more notes to give a fuller sound or create a desired sound in a song. If we were to have a minor-sixth chord, for example we would label such chord say Am6. This means that the sixth note of the scale has been added to the A-minor chord. Likewise an Adim6 chord does not diminish the 6th note but rather adds the 6th note of the scale to the diminish triad. Another example comes to mind is an augment-seventh chord, i.e., Aaug7.
June 2017: Many songs of various genre contain chord progressions based on the Circle of Fifths. Let us consider an example. Suppose that we play Willie Nelson's "Crazy" in the Key of G. The first eight measures (first phrase) then would have the following chord progression: G (4 beats), E7 (4 beats), Am (8 beats), D7 (8 beats), G (8 beats). Some variations to include an interesting turnaround before starting the second phrase could be from the beginning: G (4 beats), E7 (4 beats), Am (2 beats), Abm (2 beats), Am (4 beats), D7 (8 beats), G (2 beats), G#dim (2 beats), Am (2 beats), D7(2 beats), then back to G to start the second phrase.